VACCINATION PROTOCOL IN DOGS | DOG VACCINE | URDU

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Flank Spay in Cat

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 Flank Spay! Results are demanding more than aesthetics. When performing a flank spay, we access the ovaries through a small incision on the side of her abdomen, away from delicate mammary tissue. This allows an active nursing cat mother to continue providing nutrition to her kittens, while healing from this important surgery. The side entry also helps us monitor feral cats healing as we are often unable to closely  inspect an incision on her underside. And the litter material can't cause any hindrance in healing process. By choosing the lateral “Flank” access to ovariohysterectomy at cats, there is lower degree of licking the wound, swelling and lower incidence of complications: bleeding of wound 0.5%, dehiscence of the wound 2%, infections of the wound 2.5% in the postoperative period.
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Pemphigus Foliaceus

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  The autoimmune disease has primary lesions are superficial pustules, which frequently rupture to form crusts with underlying erosions. In cats, lesions most frequently develop at or around the nasal planum and muzzle, pinnae (See Figure above, Classic pattern of feline pemphigus foliaceus with adherent crusts around the face, dorsal muzzle, periorbital region, and pinnae). Thickly crusted and erythematous, Excessive scaling of the footpads with crusts adherent to the footpad margins and nails. Pathophysiology ; The feline pemphigus foliaceus involves development of autoantibodies, which produce a loss of intercellular adhesion in the upper layers of the stratum corneum (acantholysis). This leads to vesicle and pustule formation. Genetics, drugs and other factors are known triggers for antikeratinocyte autoantibody induction. Diagnosis;  Cytologic examination of pustule contents may provide a tentative diagnosis based on the presence of neutrophils and large rounded (acanthol...
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